Samuel Taylor Coleridge, in his work "Biographia Literaria," offers a profound analysis of poetry and literary theory. When it comes to William Wordsworth's poetry, Coleridge had both admiration and reservations. Here are some of the major objections that Coleridge raised about Wordsworth's poetry:
Excessive Use of Common Language:
Coleridge criticizes Wordsworth for his insistence on using a language that is too common and ordinary. Wordsworth, according to Coleridge, sometimes employs a language that lacks the elevation and dignity necessary for certain poetic themes. Coleridge believes that poetry should have a balance between the common and the elevated, and Wordsworth's overemphasis on the everyday language can lead to a lack of poetic grandeur.
Limitation in Subject Matter:
Coleridge expresses concerns about the narrowness of Wordsworth's choice of subjects. Wordsworth, in Coleridge's view, tends to focus excessively on rustic and commonplace themes, often neglecting a broader range of topics that could provide a more comprehensive view of human experience. Coleridge believes that Wordsworth's preference for the ordinary might limit the scope and variety of his poetry.
Overemphasis on the Spontaneous Overflow of Emotions:
Wordsworth's famous concept of the "spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings" is challenged by Coleridge. While acknowledging the importance of emotion in poetry, Coleridge argues that an excess of emotion without due consideration of form and structure can lead to poetic imbalance. Coleridge advocates for a more thoughtful and controlled approach to the expression of emotions in poetry.
Lack of Intellectual Rigor:
Coleridge suggests that Wordsworth's poetry sometimes lacks the intellectual depth and rigor that he considers essential for great poetry. Coleridge values the intellectual and imaginative aspects of poetry and is critical of what he perceives as a deficiency in these qualities in some of Wordsworth's works.
Misapplication of the Theory of Imagination:
Coleridge takes issue with Wordsworth's interpretation and application of the theory of imagination. While both poets share a belief in the power of imagination, Coleridge contends that Wordsworth's understanding of the concept is at times flawed. Coleridge argues for a more nuanced and philosophical exploration of the imagination in poetry.
Inconsistencies in Poetic Principles:
Coleridge criticizes what he sees as inconsistencies in Wordsworth's poetic principles. He suggests that Wordsworth's theoretical positions are not always reflected consistently in his actual poetic practice. Coleridge calls for greater coherence between theory and practice in Wordsworth's approach to poetry.
It's important to note that despite these objections, Coleridge had immense respect and admiration for Wordsworth as a poet. Their collaboration on "Lyrical Ballads" and their shared interest in the Romantic movement indicate a deep intellectual and creative kinship. Coleridge's critiques should be seen as a constructive engagement with Wordsworth's ideas rather than a rejection of his poetic achievements. The dialogue between these two influential poets contributes significantly to the understanding of Romantic poetry and literary theory.